Definition and Examples of Periods Full Stop

A period (  .  ) is a punctuation mark  indicating a full stop, placed at the end of declarative  sentences  as well as after many abbreviations. The period is actually called  a  full stop  in  British English, according to R.D. Burchfield in The New Fowlers Modern English Usage, and is also known as a  full point. Rene J. Cappon, author of The Associated Press Guide to Punctuation, explains that the period may appear small but it has an important function in punctuation: The period is a mere dot in the panorama of punctuation, but it packs an impressive punch. Unlike, say, the  colon  or  semicolon, it can bring a sentence to a complete halt. As  Merriam-Webster  succinctly defines it: A period is a point used to mark the end of a declarative sentence or an abbreviation. History of Usage The period originated with Greek punctuation in the third century B.C., according to  Maria Teresa Cox and Riya Pundir  in their article The Mysterious Disappearance of the Punctuation Dot: An Exploratory Study, published in  Fortell: A Journal of Teaching English Literature. The Greeks actually used three different dots at the end of sentences and phrases, say Cox and Pundir: A low dot . indicated a short breath after a short phrase, a mid-dot ãÆ' » meant a longer breath after a longer passage, and a high dot Ë™ marked a full stop at the end of a completed thought. Eventually, with the popularization of block books—books printed from woodcuts in Europe around 1300—engravers disregarded the high and middle dots and retained only the  low dot, signifying the end of a sentence. Later, with  Johannes Gutenbergs invention of the printing press and movable type in the mid-1400s, printers continued the tradition of using only the  low dot  as a period. William Caxton, a British merchant, writer, and printer, brought the printing press to England in 1476—along with the  low dot, or period. Cox and Pundir note that some writers and grammarians worry that the period is falling out of favor in the age of texting and electronic mail, in favor of  exclamation points,  ellipses, line breaks, and  emoticons. They note that a 2015 survey conducted by the Department of Psychology at the State University of New York at Binghamton  found that only 29 percent of American students were using a full stop, or period, because they consider it to be a bad way to convey heartfelt emotions. Purpose As discussed, the period is used to convey the end of a sentence or abbreviation. But it has other uses. Cappon in The Associated Press Guide to Punctuation, as well as June Casagrande in her book The Best Punctuation Book, Period., describe the periods purpose. Finality: The period can mark the end of a sentence or sentence fragment, as in  Osama bin Laden has given a good imitation of the devil. To the West, at least. Or in: Joe works here. Eat. Leave now. Casagrande uses the  period  (.) to mark the end of her books title, right after the word period, which is a sentence fragment. She likely does so to add emphasis and convince readers that hers is the final word in punctuation. Initials and  abbreviations: Periods are generally used when there are two letters in the initial, such as  U.S., according to The Associated Press Stylebook. However, styles differ with some style guides, such as The Chicago Manual of Style Online, saying you should omit the periods. Even the AP spells the abbreviation for the United States as  US  in headlines. State names:  These take a period per AP and other styles when you are not using postal  ZIP code abbreviations. So you would have:  Ala.,  Md., and   N.H., where by comparison, the ZIP code abbreviations would omit the periods:  AL, MD, and NH. Abbreviations that end in lowercase letters:  Some examples are   Gov., Jr., e.g., i.e., Inc., Mr., and et al. Mathematics–place value:  In mathematics, the period is called a  decimal point.  For example, in the number 101.25, the number placed to the right of the decimal point—in this case,  25—indicates 25/100 or twenty-five one-hundredths. The period/decimal point is often used with numbers. So, $101.25  would read 101 dollars and 25 cents. Ellipses:  Ellipses—also called  ellipses points—are three equally spaced points commonly used in writing or printing to indicate the omission of words in a  quotation. They are also known as  ellipsis dots or  suspension points. Correct and Incorrect Use Since printers dropped the use of the high and mid-dot centuries ago, the period has actually been the easiest punctuation mark to understand. But it is far from the easiest to use.  Punctuation experts note that writers have long struggled with the rules for correctly placing the period. Casagrande gives these tips on the rules and correct use of the period. Quotation marks: A period always comes before a closing quotation mark. Right:  He said, Get out.  Wrong:  He said, Get out.  Note that this rule applies to American English. British English  requires that you place the period  after  the quotation mark. Single quotation marks:  A period always comes before the closing single quotation mark:  He said, Dont call me a jerk. Apostrophe: An apostrophe  indicates the omission of one or more letters from a word. You  do  place the period after the apostrophe at the end of a sentence but  before  the final quote mark:  He said, I know you were just talkin. Ellipses (...): The AP says you should treat ellipses as a three-letter word, constructed with three periods and bounded by two spaces, as shown here. If the ellipses come after a complete sentence, however, place a period before the ellipses, such as in  Martin Luther King Jr.s famous words: I have a dream....I have a dream today.   Dashes:  The dash (—)  is a mark of  punctuation  used to set off a word or phrase after an  independent clause  or to set off a parenthetical remark, such as words, phrases, or clauses that interrupt a sentence. Never use a period before or after a dash. A correct example of how to use a dash effectively (and omit any periods) would be  Colonel David Hunts quote from his article On the Hunt published in the  National Review on  June 25, 2003:  We cant be politically correct—right or left—in the war on terrorism. Period.  Note that the only periods are placed after the end of the first sentence and at the end of the fragment,  Period. Initialism:  An  initialism  is an  abbreviation  that consists of the first  letter  or letters of words in a phrase, such as  EU  (for  European Union) and  NFL  (for  National Football League). Omit periods from initialisms.   Falling Out of Favor? As discussed, periods are often omitted in  text messages. Nonetheless, says  Claire Fallon, writing for the Huffington Post in a June 6, 2016, article, There hasn’t been much evidence that a laissez-faire attitude toward the period is migrating from digital messaging to the broader category of the written word. However, Richard Lederer and John Shore in Comma Sense: A Fundamental Guide to Punctuation argue that writers  are  more frequently using other punctuation marks when they should be using the simple period: Every sentence thats not an exclamation or a question must end with a period.  And because people are by and large too proud to ask too many questions and too shy to go around hollering all the time, the vast (not the half-vast) majority of sentences are what are called declarative statements—statements that just say something and therefore end in a period. Sources Cappon, Rene J. The Associated Press Guide To Punctuation. Basic Books, January 2003. Lederer, Richard. Comma Sense: A Fun-damental Guide to Punctuation. First edition, St. Martins Griffin, July 10, 2007.

A Uniform Policy The Best Strategy to Attain the Best...

All parents want their children to have the best education possible. Indeed, school should be an enriching experience for all ages and students should be provided with the tools and environment to achieve their maximum capability. The best way to accomplish this goal is to introduce a uniform policy to public schools. In 1994, the first uniforms were required in the schools of Long Beach, California; since then, other public schools have followed in their footsteps, also adopting uniform policies (Chen). The president of the Long Beach School District gave his comments on the effectiveness of uniforms, saying, â€Å"These schools are becoming educational workplaces. Students arrive dressed for success, ready to learn. They’re getting along with†¦show more content†¦Uniforms can be considered a good investment. If uniforms are still too pricey for families to afford, many schools offer financial aid to cover the costs (â€Å"Archived: Manual on School Uniforms† ). Students in public schools often wear expensive, designer clothing in order to fit in. With today’s fads and fashions constantly changing, kids may expect their parents to always be purchasing them the newest styles, which can be quite a financial burden (Asaff). Uniforms reduce this problem for parents. Schools can reap many social benefits from uniforms. School can be a source of harassment and cruelty for many students who are judged or rejected because of what they wear. Uniforms remove the pressure many students feel to dress a certain way to fit in at school. Over 75% of public schools reported a decrease in peer pressure after introducing uniforms to their schools (â€Å"School Uniform Benefits†). This statistic may be related to the fact that uniforms increase students’ confidence and better their self-image because they no longer have to worry about dressing to fit their peer’s standards (Brunsma and Rockquemore 53). They aren’t defined by what they wear anymore, but by their character, which can be a liberating experience for young people. School uniforms promote equality amongShow MoreRelatedHow Human Development Research Should Inform Educational Practice1390 Words   |  6 Pages The Best Schools: How Human Development Research Should Inform Educational Practice by Thomas Armstrong The Best Schools: How Human Development Research Should Inform Educational Practice Introduction Human Development attracts a wide range of researches which play a crucial role in defining the stages between childhood and adolescence. In the Human Development course, educational practitioners must pay special attention to the highly pronouncedRead MoreEssay about Performance Appraisal1191 Words   |  5 Pagesmotivation and development of every member of the team. 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Dickens satirizes that respected Victorian figure Essay Example For Students

Dickens satirizes that respected Victorian figure Essay Hard Times is a novel about Victorian society, in particular the divisions in the newly formed industrial society between the upper and lower classes. Dickens message through the book is that while the ruling classes, characters like Gradgrind and Bounderby, have the money and power, they lack in themselves basic human components love, compassion, etc. Those who have far harder and more monotonous lives, such as Rachel and Stephen, are in effect far better people, prevented by those above them from making anything better of their lives. Dickens is very clearly on the side of the workers, and throughout Hard Times he develops those characters he sympathises with Sissy, Rachael, Stephen into very real personalities, while characters such as Gradgrind and Bounderby are purposefully presented superficially and in a very bad light. This is mainly achieved by his use of satire, and is used on Bounderby more that any other character.  Bounderby is first introduced to us as Mr Gradgrinds bosom friend, as a man perfectly devoid of sentiment can approach that spiritual relationship towards another man perfectly devoid of sentiment Immediately Bounderbys positional fate in the novel has been sealed Dickens first scathing remark puts his view of Bounderby across extremely clearly, and his criticism continues for a page before Bounderby first speaks. Even his name seeks to highlight his personality bounder, meaning a cheat and deceiver who seeks advancement at the expense of others. Thus, Dickens ensures that the reader has as much ammunition and reason for pre-judging Bounderby as possible, even before he has spoken. Bounderby is a self-made man, who has seemingly reached his position of banker, merchant, manufacture, and what not entirely through his own struggles and hard work, and he advertises this fact loudly whenever he can:   you may be astonished to hear it but my mother ran away from me How I fought through it I dont know, I was determined, I supposehere I am, Mrs. Gradgrind, anyhow, and nobody to thank for being here but myself.  He describes his career in his own words as being one of hardship and struggle, and one that culminates in the position that he is at today purely through his own perseverance: Vagabond, errand-boy, vagabond, labourer, porter, clerk, chief manager, small partner, Josiah Bounderby of Coketown I pulled through it, though nobody threw me out a rope.  He is an eminently hypocritical character, preoccupied with arrogance and being a publicist for his own achievement. As Bitzer states, the whole social system is a question of self-interest, and no-one is more interested in the self than Josiah Bounderby. His hypocrisy is shown in many ways. He avidly upholds Gradgrinds philosophy that one must always rely on fact, and yet is continuously lying about his own background, to the extent of making himself part of a myth. His view that the Hands only ambition is to eat turtle soup with a gold spoon shows how little he really knows of any kind of hardship, and it is clear that he himself lusts after that sort of life, to the extent of forcing his own mother into exile in order to prevent her from ruining his myth. And he is hypocritical about all those who presume to know hardship better than he does, even though he himself has never known it, as shown in a conversation with Mrs Sparsit: A hard bed the pavement of its arcade used to make, I assure you. People like you, maam, accustomed from infancy to lie on Down feathers, have no idea how hard a paving-stone is, without trying it.  His story of a bolter mother, a drunken and abusive Grandmother, and life on the streets is overturned upon the arrival of his mother, alive and loving, who quickly and firmly dispels what she presumes to be mistaken beliefs on Gradgrinds part, and shows that he is not as self-made as he purports himself to be:  I deserted Josiah! Now, Lord forgive you, sir, for you wicked imaginations Josiah in the gutter! No such a thing, sir. Never!a steady lad he was, and a kind master he had to lend him a hand.  Bounderbys reluctance to offer any explanation only helps to reinforce our view of him as a liar and hypocrite:  Those who expect any explanation whatever upon that branch of the subject, will be disappointed.

Dover Beach Essays - Rhyme, Dover Beach, Matthew Arnold,

Dover Beach How can life or anything be so wonderful, but at times seem so unbearable? This is a question that Matthew Arnold may have asked himself one day, while writing "Dover Beach". This is a poem about a sea and a beach that is truly beautiful, but hold much deeper meaning than what meets the eye. The poem is written in free verse with no particular meter or rhyme scheme, although some of the words do rhyme. Arnold is the speaker speaking to someone he loves. As the poem progresses, the reader sees why Arnold poses the question stated above, and why life seems to be the way it is. During the first part of the poem Arnold states, "The Sea is calm tonight" and in line 7, "Only, from the long line of spray". In this way, Arnold is setting the mood or scene so the reader can understand the point he is trying to portray. In lines 1-6 he is talking about a very peaceful night on the ever so calm sea, with the moonlight shining so intensely on the land. Then he states how the moonlight "gleams and is gone" because the "cliffs of England" are standing at their highest peaks, which are blocking the light of the moon. Next, the waves come roaring into the picture, as they "draw back and fling the pebbles" onto the shore and back out to sea again. Arnold also mentions that the shore brings "the eternal note of sadness in", maybe representing the cycles of life and repetition. Arnold then starts describing the history of Sophocle's idea of the "Aegean's turbid ebb and flow". The sea is starting to become rougher and all agitated. Also the mention of "human misery" implies that life begins and ends, but it can still be full of happiness, and unfortunately, at the same time, sadness. "The Sea of Faith was once, too, at the full, and round earth's shore." The key word in that stanza is once, because it implies that he (Arnold) used to look at the sea in a different way than he does now. Throughout the whole poem, Arnold uses a metaphor to describe his views and opinions. Now he only hears its "melancholy, long, withdrawing roar." It seems as though Arnold is questioning his own faith. The whole poem is based on a metaphor - Sea to Faith. When the sea retreats, so does faith, and leaves us with nothing. In the last nine lines, Arnold wants his love and himself to be true to one another. The land, which he thought was so beautiful and new, is actually nothing - "neither joy, nor love, nor light". In reality, Arnold is expressing that nothing is certain, because where there is light there is dark and where there is happiness there is sadness. "We are here though as on a darkling plain, swept with confused alarms of struggle and flight, where ignorant armies clash at night". Arnold uses much alliteration in the poem. For example, in line 31, "To lie before us like a land of dreams", repeating the letter L at the beginning of three words. Also, in line 4, "Gleams and is gone...", repeating the letter G. The usage of assonance and consonance is not widespread in "Dover Beach". In line 3 - "...on the French coast the light" - the repetition of the letter T is shown, as an example of consonance. Other literary techniques, such as onomatopoeia and hyperbole, are not used in the poem, besides the metaphor for "Faith" being the Sea. The diction Arnold uses creates a sense of peacefulness and calmness. It is fairly easily understood vocabulary, with the exception of a few words, such as cadence and darkling. From reading Matthew Arnold's "Dover Beach", one realizes that there is no certainty in life. When everything is going perfectly, something unfortunate may happen at any given time, with no forewarning.

Buy a Term Paper Online and Use it to the Fullest

Buy a Term Paper Online and Use it to the Fullest Buy a Term Paper Online and Use it to the Fullest When you buy a term paper online to use as an example or model you should work to get all you can out of it. An example term paper is not one that you would submit. An example term paper is a tool you use when learning to write your own piece. This example paper will demonstrate the style and format appropriate for the paper as well as inspire ideas for your own writing. Here is a brief list of the elements of knowledge gained by closely studying example term papers. Learn the Right Style and Format Every term paper has its own set of style and citation requirements. Whether you need to submit a paper in MLA, Chicago, APA or Harvard style, buying a sample term paper online will help. Â  You can order a sample with all the specifications your professor requires, including a paper on the exact subject matter of your paper. By studying this example you will be able to model your own term paper in order to submit a piece with the correct format and reference method. You will learn the basics of writing a term paper such as a thesis, introductory paragraph, body, arguments and so on. You will also receive a sample paper in the correct word processing format such as MS Word, PDF or any other requirement you specify. It may be useful to order more than one paper from different writers to gain even more understanding of the process. Get Inspiration and Ideas Model term papers that have the exact custom specifications as your term paper will help greatly by giving you inspiration for your own paper. The ideas in the sample paper will jog your mind as you remember what you learned in class and give you ideas you can research further to use in your own paper. Use the Model Paper to Formulate a Thesis Many students, especially those new to writing term papers, struggle with the central element of the term paper, the thesis. Reading a few sample papers will give you an idea of what a good thesis looks like and inspire ideas for your own thesis. Study the Subject of Your Term Paper Better When you buy a sample paper in the same discipline and subject as the ones in your assignment, you will naturally learn more about the subject as you read and study the sample paper. You can think of the model paper as a condensed, concise and convenient reference for your own paper. It is easy to see how helpful it is to order a sample term paper online when that paper has been customized to your exact specifications. Save yourself the time and hassle of learning the hard way and risking a poor grade. One of the best ways to learn is by example, after all.

Torsion Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Torsion - Lab Report Example ners, are frequently subject to this perspective of torsion testing mainly for the sake of determining their levels of strength especially under duress (AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING MATERIALS, 1961).   Torsion test may take place under three major categories. These includes; failure testing, operational testing, as well as proof testing. Failure testing has to do with the aspect of material twisting till it breaks (HELLER, 1975).  Proof testing on the other hand plays a role of observing whether specific material can withstand a certain torque load quantity over a given timeframe. Finally, operational testing is meant for testing particular products for confirmation of their elastic limits before taking them to the market. It is often deemed very critical to take records of each and every torsion test result. This is done through creation of a stress-strain graph with both X-axis and Y-axis bearing the values regarding the angle of twist and the torque respectively. With use of a torsion testing device, twisting is done at quarter-degree level of increments with subsequent recording of the torque it can actually withstand. The twist angle corresponds to the strain, and the measured torque corresponds to the stress. A torsion test is often conducted on various materials so as to determine their torsional features. These properties includes; Ductility, shear elasticity, ultimate and yield shear strengths, as well as the rapture modulus. Torsion test performance is mainly done for various distinct purposes and significance (KEETON, 1975).  This is because, by testing products such as switches, biomedical catheter tubing, automotive steering columns, fasteners, among others; manufacturers gets the ability of simulating service conditions, checking of product quality, designs verification, and the aspect of ensuring adequate manufacturing techniques. The material’s elastic limit refers to the point upon which it will no longer return back to its unique size or

Strategic Human Resource Management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Strategic Human Resource Management - Assignment Example The coverage of HRM also extends to a comprehensive approach to the workplace environment and culture, towards enabling the staff of the organization – participate actively and productively, in the overall direction of the organisation and the pursuit towards its goals and objectives. HRM has been shifting from the traditional administrative, personnel and transactional roles, which are often outsourced. The real purpose of HRM in today’s business world is to add value to strategic utilization of staffs, and that staff programs impact on the outcomes of the organization in measurable ways (Nkomo, Fottler & McAfee, 2010, p. 52). This leads to HRM metrics and measurements as well as strategic direction – towards demonstrating value addition. Strategic HRM as housed under the HRM function is designed to aid organizations – to best manage the needs of their employees, while promoting the goals of the company. It focuses around the proactive management of staff s. It involves envisioning and planning ways to meet the needs of the employees effectively – so that they can work towards meeting the needs of the organization in an effective manner. ... In the early 1980s, American Business School professionals published different articles and books in support of HRM concepts and the volatility of the business environment – which present heterogeneity and conflicts (Soderlund & Bredin, 2006, p. 249-251). Due to its many influences and the diverse origins, HRM encompasses central characteristics of importance to organizations: practice, individual, educational theory, industrial relations, practice, social and organizational psychology, and organizational theory (Soderlund & Bredin, 2006, p. 242-265). Till today, there is not any universally accepted definition of HRM and what it covers in every-day business. However, satisfactory definitions define the field as 1) a management responsibility that focuses on managerial functions 2) management philosophy that emphasizes on people treatment and 3) managing the interactions between an organization and its employees (Soderlund & Bredin, 2006). Due to the conflict in the theoretica l notion and the hypothetical discrepancy about the definition, the Mathis and Jackson (2011) defintion will be used for this review – as it better explains and covers major areas of the study. According to Mathis and Jackson (2011), it is the philosophy of managing staff resources, based on the understanding that human resources are vital towards the sustenance of business success. An organization creates competive advantage through using its human resources effectively – drawing on their ingenuity and expertise to meet organizational goals and objectives. The funtion of HRM is focused around the recruitment of flexible, capable and devoted